What constitutes unauthorized use of force?

The concept of unauthorized use of force is primarily concerned with the application of force that is not necessary or proportionate to the situation at hand. Excessive force that surpasses necessary measures to protect oneself or others is a clear example of this. In situations where a security guard may feel threatened or see a threat to others, the use of force must be reasonable and justifiable based on the immediate circumstances. If the force applied exceeds what is required to neutralize the threat or ensure safety, it becomes excessive and, therefore, unauthorized.

Other options, while relevant to the context of a security guard's duties, do not directly address the misuse of force. For instance, using physical restraint during a conflict can be appropriate if it is within the reasonable limits and scope of restraint necessary to resolve the situation safely. Engaging in verbal confrontations may not involve any physical force at all and can be part of de-escalation tactics. Conducting a search without probable cause may raise legal and ethical concerns, but it does not specifically relate to the concept of force, making it not directly relevant to the definition of unauthorized use of force.