What does "confidentiality" mean in a security context?

In a security context, "confidentiality" refers specifically to the practice of protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access. This is crucial because compromised information can lead to security breaches, financial loss, or violations of privacy. Maintaining confidentiality ensures that sensitive data—such as personal identifying information, financial records, or proprietary business information—remains secure and is only accessible to those who have the appropriate clearance or need-to-know basis.

This principle is a foundational aspect of various security protocols and regulations aimed at safeguarding the integrity of information. To achieve this, security personnel might employ various measures such as encryption, access controls, and secure communication channels. These practices help prevent unauthorized individuals from obtaining or misusing sensitive information, thereby enhancing overall security and trust in the system.